Spectrum and quench-induced dynamics of spin-orbit-coupled quantum droplets

Abstract

We investigate the ground state and dynamics of one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled (SOC) quantum droplets within the extended Gross–Pitaevskii approach. As the SOC wave number increases, stripe droplet patterns emerge, with a flat-top background, for larger particle numbers. The surface energy decays following a power-law with respect to the interactions. At small SOC wave numbers, a transition from Gaussian to flat-top droplets occurs for either a larger number of atoms or reduced intercomponent attraction. The excitation spectrum shows that droplets for relatively small SOC wave numbers are stable, otherwise stripe droplets feature instabilities as a function of the particle number or the interactions. We also witness rich droplet dynamical features using velocity imprinting and abrupt changes in the intercomponent interaction or the SOC parameters. Characteristic responses include breathing oscillations, expansion, symmetric and asymmetric droplet fragmentation, admixtures of single and stripe droplet branches, and erratic spatial distributions suggesting the triggering of relevant instabilities. Our results reveal the controlled dynamical generation and stability properties of stripe droplets that should be detectable in current cold-atom experiments.